There are two main ideas competing for an explanation of the Dark Matter problem: geometric modification of the gravitational field equations (see e.g. Unfortunately, GR is not enough to describe many unsolved problems such as late-time cosmic acceleration (which one explains by existing an exotic fluid called Dark Energy introduced to the standard Einstein’s field equations as cosmological constant), the Dark Matter puzzle, inflation, and the renormalization problem. ![]() Many astronomical observations tested GR and have confirmed that it is the best matching theory that we have had so far for explaining gravitational phenomena. Since there exist many issues that recently appeared in fundamental physics, astrophysics and cosmology which cannot be explained by General Relativity (GR), one looks for other approaches which allow one to understand their mechanism.
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